The Pumani bubble CPAP was engineered by a team at Rice University in Texas, working in collaboration with clinicians in Malawi. A range of specific design considerations made the Pumani especially appropriate for low-resource settings so that parts are easy to replace.
Immediate skin to skin care means less than ten minutes after the infant takes its first breath, the infant, naked except for a diaper, spends at least one hour on the mother’s chest, against her skin. It is recommended that preterm and low birth weight kangaroo care involve prolonging contact beyond the first hour for at least 8 hours per day or as long as possible (up to 24 hours) per day

